UNIT 1: THỰC HÀNH LÀM BÀI LINE GRAPH
1. Phân tích ví dụ
Đề bài:
The graph below shows trends in US meat and poultry consumption.
Bài mẫu:
The line graph compares the amount of beef, pork, broilers, and turkey consumed by Americans between 1955 and 2012.
It clearly shows that the amount of beef and pork consumed in the US decreased while the figures for broilers and turkey increased over the whole period. Also, beef was by far the most popular of the four types of meat in almost every year of the 57-year period.
In 1955, the average amount of beef consumed by Americans was the highest, at around 58 pounds per person per year, then it increased sharply to a peak of 90 pounds in 1976 before decreasing gradually by around 40 pounds in 2012. Meanwhile, US pork consumption fluctuated between about 38 and 55 pounds from 1955 to 2000 and reached just over 40 pounds per capita in 2012.
Starting in 1961, the yearly consumption of broilers stood at just about 15 pounds. This figure rose remarkably and hit a peak of 60 pounds in 2009, but then went down slightly to 55 pounds which was the highest figure at the end of the period. Likewise, a stable growth from roughly 5 to over 10 pounds was recorded in turkey consumption.
2. Cấu trúc bài IELTS Writing Task 1 (Line Graph)
Một bài viết line graph thông thường gồm 4 phần chính:
1️⃣ Introduction
Giới thiệu ngắn gọn, paraphrase lại đề bài, sử dụng từ vựng khác nhưng nghĩa không thay đổi.
→ Mục tiêu: Giới thiệu tổng quát nội dung biểu đồ.
2️⃣ Overview
Tóm tắt tổng quan bằng 2 ý chính của biểu đồ:
- Xu hướng chung (tăng/giảm).
- Một đặc điểm nổi bật (cao nhất/thấp nhất/mạnh nhất…).
3️⃣ Body 1
Miêu tả chi tiết 2 đường đầu tiên, chọn các số liệu tiêu biểu, nêu điểm đầu, đỉnh, đáy và cuối, so sánh giữa chúng.
4️⃣ Body 2
Phân tích các đường còn lại, cũng chọn số liệu nổi bật, so sánh và nêu đặc điểm xu hướng.
Ví dụ minh họa:
Introduction:
The line graph compares the amount of beef, pork, broilers and turkey consumed by Americans between 1955 and 2012.
Overview:
It is clear that the amount of beef and pork consumed in the US decreased while the figures for broilers and turkey increased over the whole period. Also, beef was by far the most popular of the four types of meat in almost every year of the 57-year period.
Body 1:
In 1955, the average amount of beef consumed by Americans was the highest, at around 58 pounds per person per year, then it increased sharply to a peak of 90 pounds in 1976 before decreasing gradually by around 40 pounds in 2012. Meanwhile, US pork consumption fluctuated between about 38 and 55 pounds from 1955 to 2000 and reached just over 40 pounds per capita in 2012.
Body 2:
Starting in 1961, the yearly consumption of broilers stood at just about 15 pounds. This figure rose remarkably and hit a peak of 60 pounds in 2009, but then went down slightly to 55 pounds which was the highest figure at the end of the period. Likewise, a stable growth from roughly 5 to over 10 pounds was recorded in turkey consumption.
3. Phương pháp luyện tập
Bước 1:
Đọc bài mẫu, quan sát cấu trúc tổng thể.
Bước 2:
Đọc nhiều bài line graph khác để nắm khung bài, ghi chú từ/cụm paraphrase, hiểu cách phát triển bài.
Bước 3:
Viết lại bài mẫu bằng từ vựng đã học và khung đã tổng hợp.
Bước 4:
Luyện viết trong 15 phút, sau đó nhờ thầy/cô chấm & nhận xét.
4. Khung viết mẫu cho Line Graph
| Phần | Nội dung mẫu |
|---|---|
| Introduction | The line graph compares/illustrates/shows/gives information about + paraphrase đề bài + over a period of — years/ between — and — |
| Overview | It is clear/obvious that + xu hướng 1 + xu hướng 2. + (Thông tin nổi bật khác) |
| Body 1 | Mô tả, so sánh chi tiết các đường đầu tiên, chú ý điểm đỉnh/đáy/đầu/cuối. |
| Body 2 | Tương tự, mô tả và so sánh các đường còn lại. |
5. Các cụm từ Paraphrase thường gặp
| Cụm gốc | Cụm Paraphrase |
|---|---|
| The graph | The line graph / the bar chart / the pie chart |
| Show | Illustrate / Compare / Give information about / Describe / Indicate |
| Trends in | Changes in |
| Information about | Data for / Figures for |
| Percentage | Proportion / Rate |
| From 2000 to 2010 | Between 2000 and 2010 / Over a 10-year period |
| Over the period shown | Throughout the period / During the given period |
| Meat consumption | The consumption of meat / The amount of meat consumed |
| People in the US | Americans / US citizens |
| In Viet Nam, Thailand, China and Japan | In four different countries |
| Meat production | The process of producing meat / How meat is produced |
6. Paraphrase theo chủ điểm thường gặp
1️⃣ Chi tiền cho cái gì (Spending/Expenditure)
| Cách diễn đạt | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| The spending on / The expenditure on | The graph shows the spending on housing, food and healthcare in France from 1998 to 2005. |
| The amount/proportion of money spent on… | Cars accounted for the highest proportion of money spent by Americans in 2010. |
| The amount/proportion of money paid for… | The percentage of money paid for beef by Americans was only 5%. |
2️⃣ Tiêu thụ cái gì (Consumption)
| Cách diễn đạt | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| The consumption of beef in the US | The graph shows the consumption of beef and pork by people in the US between 1960 and 2000. |
| The amount/proportion of beef consumed/eaten by Americans | In 2005, the amount of oil consumed by people in the UK was highest, at 35 million tons. |
3️⃣ Khí thải CO₂ / Chất thải (Emissions/Waste)
| Cách diễn đạt | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| CO₂ generation/production/emissions | The average amount of CO₂ generated in the UK increased moderately from 2003 to 2004. |
| The amount of CO₂ emitted from/by… | A slight increase was recorded in CO₂ emissions in the UK between 2000 and 2001. |
4️⃣ Thất nghiệp (Unemployment)
| Cách diễn đạt | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| The unemployment rate / The level of joblessness | The percentage of unemployment in Germany rose significantly to 8% in 2007. |
| The proportion of unemployed people | Unemployment rates for both groups were higher in Hanoi than in Ho Chi Minh City. |
5️⃣ Nhóm tuổi (Age Group)
| Cách diễn đạt | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| The percentage of people aged 60–70 | The figure for those in their sixties increased steadily during the period. |
7. Các từ và cụm chỉ sự Tăng/Giảm
| Tình huống | Động từ | Trạng từ miêu tả mức độ | Danh từ tương ứng |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tăng | Increased / Rose / Went up / Climbed / Peaked at / Soared / Doubled | Sharply / Significantly / Dramatically / Rapidly / Moderately / Slightly / Gradually / Steadily / Slowly | A rise / An increase / A peak / A sharp growth |
| Giảm | Decreased / Declined / Fell / Went down / Reduced / Dropped / Collapsed | Sharply / Remarkably / Slightly / Gradually / Marginally | A decrease / A fall / A drop / A decline |
| Ổn định | Remained stable / Stayed unchanged | – | No change |
| Dao động | Fluctuated between … and … | Slightly / Considerably | A fluctuation |
8. Cấu trúc câu thường dùng trong Writing Task 1
- Time, + S + V + Adv
- From 2000 to 2010, the number of internet users increased dramatically.
- There + to be + a/an + N
- There was a sharp increase in the proportion of people who visited London in 2010.
- S + saw / witnessed / underwent + N
- The number of tourists to Hanoi witnessed a sharp decrease from 2000 to 2010.
- A/an + N + was recorded/seen
- A rapid increase of 10% in the proportion of American workers was recorded in the period from 2006 to 2010.
9. Ví dụ diễn đạt sự tăng/giảm
- The proportion of Americans who used the internet increased remarkably from 2004 to 2005.
- There was a sharp increase in the percentage of Americans who used the internet between 2004 and 2005.
- A sharp increase was seen in the proportion of internet users in the US between 2004 and 2005.
- The percentage of people who used internet services in the US dropped to 20% in 2001.
- A gradual rise in the proportion of internet users in the US was recorded from 2001 to 2003.
- The proportion of Americans who used the internet remained stable from 2007 to 2009, then went down rapidly in 2010.
- From 2001 to 2005, the percentage of Americans who had access to the internet fluctuated between 20% and 50%.