NOUN – DANH TỪ
01. Hậu tố:
-tion / -sion / -ment / -ance / -ness / -ship / -ty / -ism / -sis / -ure
Ví dụ:
regulation – expansion – improvement – assistance – business – ownership – facility – criticism – procedure – analysis
02. Chức năng
1. Chủ ngữ
The products on display are available at reduced prices.
Các sản phẩm được trưng bày được bán giảm giá.
2. Tân ngữ
The company will send several employees to the new factory in Alabama.
Công ty sẽ gửi một số nhân viên đến nhà máy mới ở Alabama.
3. Bổ ngữ
Tolus Restaurant is temporarily closed for renovations.
Nhà hàng Tolus tạm thời đóng cửa để cải tạo.
Mr. Oh’s primary duty is the management of the corporate food service.
Nhiệm vụ chính của ông Oh là quản lý dịch vụ ăn uống của công ty.
We consider failure an opportunity for learning and growth.
Chúng tôi coi thất bại là một cơ hội để học hỏi và phát triển.
ETS Exercises
Câu hỏi về cụm danh từ
The company conducted an extensive (survey / surveyed) on customer satisfaction.
Công ty đã tiến hành một cuộc khảo sát rộng rãi về sự hài lòng của khách hàng.
Câu hỏi về danh từ chỉ người với danh từ chỉ vật
Management decided to hire additional (employees / employment).
Ban quản lý đã quyết định thuê thêm nhân viên.
Câu hỏi về danh từ ghép
Gyeong Designs changed its marketing (strategy / strategize) to target hotel owners.
Gyeong Designs đã thay đổi chiến lược tiếp thị của mình nhắm đến những người chủ khách sạn.
BÀI TẬP CƠ BẢN
CỤM DANH TỪ – A/AN/THE, SỞ HỮU CÁCH, TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU, TÍNH TỪ + DANH TỪ
The marketing team at Revolution Footwear has been preparing a ——- on the newest athletic shoe technology.
(A) present (B) presented (C) presenting (D) presentation
Giải thích:
Đáp án đúng là D. presentation
- The ——- at Luigi’s Body Shop is on fast, reliable service.
(A) emphatically (B) emphasize (C) emphasis (D) emphatic - Mr. Montrose’s ——- in his job search has resulted in employment offers from three companies.
(A) persist (B) persisted (C) persistently (D) persistence - Improvements in the manufacturing process led to greater ——- in the production of wood furniture.
(A) consistency (B) consisting (C) consistently (D) consistent - While all her drawings are based on historical photographs, Janis Tierney relies on her ——- to fill in the details.
(A) imagine (B) imaginative (C) imagination (D) imaginary - Our service department has received numerous ——- about the new TZ-2000 processor overheating.
(A) complain (B) complaining (C) complained (D) complaints - For clients seeking environmentally commercial construction, Green Space Ltd. provides an affordable ——-.
(A) alternated (B) alternating (C) alternatively (D) alternative
DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC vs. DANH TỪ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC
——- of travel visas will take longer than expected due to high demand during tourist season.
(A) Process (B) Processing (C) Procedure (D) Proceeds
Giải thích:
Đáp án đúng là B. Processing
- To apply for driving ——-, you must show two forms of identification.
(A) permission (B) permits (C) permit (D) permitted - Privately-owned companies often have more freedom to focus on long-term ——-.
(A) plan (B) to plan (C) planned (D) planning - Mr. Ono asked for ——- of all the documents that were passed out during the presentation.
(A) duplicate (B) duplicates (C) duplicated (D) duplicative - The content on his Web site may not be used or reproduced without our written ——-.
(A) consents (B) consent (C) consented (D) consentingly
Một số danh từ không đếm được thông dụng:
advice – information – knowledge – consent – ticketing – seating – advertising – furniture – equipment – merchandise – baggage/luggage – clothing
TIPS: Danh từ đếm được không bao giờ đứng một mình, và ngược lại, danh từ không đếm được không dùng số nhiều.
→ Danh từ đếm được hoặc ở số nhiều, hoặc có từ xác định phía trước.
DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƯỜI vs. DANH TỪ CHỈ (SỰ) VẬT
Admission to this year’s Hawaii Health Care conference is free, but ——- should register beforehand.
(A) participants (B) participation (C) participate (D) participating
Giải thích:
Đáp án đúng là A. participants
- Mr. Tulloch hopes to convince ——- to support his new construction project by the harbor.
(A) investors (B) investments (C) invests (D) invested - Ms. Pang was able to implement the new inventory management system with the ——- of the warehouse employees.
(A) assist (B) assisted (C) assistant (D) assistance
TIPS: Danh từ chỉ người thường kết thúc bằng -er / -or / -ant / -ist.
→ Khi phân vân, nên xét nghĩa của động từ hoặc tính từ gốc.
DANH TỪ KÉP – NOUN + NOUN
In an effort to increase productivity, Rely Microprocessor is offering incentives for improved employee ——-.
(A) performs (B) performed (C) performing (D) performance
Giải thích:
Đáp án đúng là D. performance
- All passengers should present their ——- documents at the check-in counter.
(A) boarded (B) boarding (C) to board (D) boards - As a part of business expansion ——-, Ausgaard Auto plans to launch a line of small utility trucks.
(A) strategize (B) strategic (C) strategy (D) strategically
TIPS:
N1 + N2 → N1 phân loại cho N2.
Một số danh từ kép thông dụng:
expiration date – application form – confirmation letter – employee performance – expansion strategy – assembly line – boarding document – employee productivity – product availability – travel expenses – workplace safety – earnings figures – job descriptions/responsibilities – customer preference – investment decision – safety procedures/precautions/regulations/guidelines – account information
ĐUÔI -IVE / -ING / -AL / -ICS / -ALS, etc.
The ——- of a new franchise in downtown Toronto will be organized by the event coordinator.
(A) open (B) openness (C) openly (D) opening
Giải thích:
Đáp án đúng là D. opening
- To help the sales ——- advance their speaking skills, Mr. Cho will provide a workshop on Thursday.
(A) representation (B) representing (C) representatives (D) represent - The department head keeps a comprehensive file on each ——- that he is responsible for.
(A) individuality (B) individual (C) individualism (D) individually - If the director’s request for a budget increase receives ——-, we will purchase two additional delivery vans.
(A) approval (B) approved (C) approve (D) approves - Mr. Rouja would like see all employees take more ——- and develop contacts with potential clients.
(A) initiative (B) initiated (C) initiate (D) initiating
Một số danh từ đặc biệt thông dụng:
arrival – approval – disposal – individual – potential – proposal – alternative – initiative – objective – adhesive – perspective – representative – accounting – boarding – findings – earnings – opening – shipping – specifics – essentials – advisory – assembly – critic – characteristic
VỪA DANH TỪ VỪA ĐỘNG TỪ
Recent ——- can learn about employment opportunities in a wide range of industries by attending a career fair.
(A) graduating (B) graduated (C) graduates (D) graduation
Giải thích:
Đáp án đúng là C. graduates
- ——- for changes to the conference program will be considered on November 1.
(A) Requested (B) Requests (C) Requesting (D) To request - ——- for your blender properly will ensure that it continues to function well.
(A) Care (B) Cares (C) Cared (D) Caring
Một số từ vừa là danh từ vừa là động từ:
access – check – delegate – document – feature – increase – offer – work – change – demand – estimate – function – order – need – manufacture – volunteer – charge – discount – experience – graduate – decline – care – support – request – outline – plan – schedule – review
TIPS: Thường phân biệt dựa vào giới từ hoặc vị trí từ loại trong câu.
VOCA 01 – TỪ VỰNG 01
- To —— the increasing demand for environmentally-friendly products, McKane, Inc. is developing a new laundry detergent.
(A) exchange (B) predict (C) accommodate (D) justify - All of the employees at Borrester Marketing are invited to —— the Movie Night.
(A) specialize (B) admit (C) attend (D) participate - The phone reservation system has been discontinued as of today, so all patients must —— appointments via e-mail.
(A) arrange (B) exceed (C) instruct (D) convene - A representative from the HR Department is scheduled to meet with employees to —— any concerns.
(A) comment (B) address (C) observe (D) modify - Late submissions for the literary writing competition will not be ——.
(A) gained (B) supervised (C) prepared (D) accepted - In a press conference, the CEO announced that Ms. Denis would —— the new marketing manager position in April.
(A) engage (B) assume (C) evolve (D) thrive - When Smart Stories —— Brilliant Books in September, some overlapping departments of the two publishers will be restructured.
(A) merges (B) remains (C) anticipates (D) acquires - Production of Novak Randic’s new line of smartphones has been —— although previous models can still be bought on the Internet.
(A) deducted (B) announced (C) suspended (D) invalidated - Plumbers from City Shore Utilities will visit the Parat premises at 1:00 P.M. to —— the water pipes.
(A) order (B) assess (C) record (D) intend - Comic artist Yukito Shiro’s homepage —— over 20,000 visitors every month.
(A) reimburse (B) interrupt (C) attracts (D) creates - The membership ——- forms should be accompanied by a letter detailing your reasons for joining the association.
(A) guideline (B) inventory (C) application (D) committee - Be sure to take advantage of your special ——- to the Iden Global Journal Web site.
(A) access (B) achievement (C) position (D) opposition - A quarterly ——- is provided to Maxco marketing employees to offset various business trip expenses.
(A) invoice (B) arrival (C) arrangement (D) allowance - Although non-members may order items from the Web site, rebates are ——- only to those who are club members.
(A) respectable (B) noticeable (C) previous (D) available - Customers of the online bookstore are required to provide an ——- e-mail address in case one account is compromised.
(A) pending (B) frequent (C) intentional (D) additional - Because of the large number of tourists in summer months, travelers should plan ——- and make their reservations early.
(A) accordingly (B) subsequently (C) conversely (D) assuredly
KEY – VOCA 01
- C 02. C 03. A 04. B 05. D 06. B 07. D 08. B 09. B 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. D 16. A